Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Narrative Review of the Issues in Screening and Management From a Panel of European Experts

Frontiers in Pediatrics

article

Tiziana Lazzarotto¹  Daniel Blázquez-Gamero²  Marie-Luce Delforge³  Ina Foulon⁴  Suzanne Luck⁵  Susanne Modrow⁷  Marianne Leruez-Ville⁸ 

[1] Virology Lab, Polyclinic St. Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna;Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP);CUB-Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre Bruxelles;Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vrije Universiteit Brussel;Kingston Hospital NHS Trust, United Kingdom;Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St George's University of London, United Kingdom;Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Regensburg;Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades and Université Paris Descartes

关键词: cytomegalovirus;    neonatal screening;    prenatal diagnosis;    clinical laboratory techniques;    congenital CMV;    pregnancy;    maternal screening;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fped.2020.00013

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Maternal primary and non-primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy can result in in utero transmission to the developing fetus. Congenital CMV (cCMV) can result in significant morbidity, mortality or long-term sequelae, including sensorineural hearing loss, the most common sequela. As a leading cause of congenital infections worldwide, cCMV infection meets many of the criteria for screening. However, currently there are no universal programs that offer maternal or neonatal screening to identify infected mothers and infants, no vaccines to prevent infection, and no efficacious and safe therapies available for the treatment of maternal or fetal CMV infection. Data has shown that there are several maternal and neonatal screening strategies, and diagnostic methodologies, that allow the identification of those at risk of developing sequelae and adequately detect cCMV. Nevertheless, many questions remain unanswered in this field. Well-designed clinical trials to address several facets of CMV treatment (in pregnant women, CMV-infected fetuses and both symptomatic and asymptomatic neonates and children) are required. Prevention (vaccines), biology and transmission factors associated with non-primary CMV, and the cost-effectiveness of universal screening, all demand further exploration to fully realize the ultimate goal of preventing cCMV. In the meantime, prevention of primary infection during pregnancy should be championed to all by means of hygiene education.

【 授权许可】

CC BY