Effects and Moderators of Exercise on Sarcopenic Components in Sarcopenic Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Medicine

article

Yanjie Zhang¹  Liye Zou³  Si-Tong Chen⁴  Jun Hyun Bae¹  Dae Young Kim¹  Xiaolei Liu⁵  Wook Song¹ 

[1] Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University;Physical Education Unit, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong–Shenzhen;Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation and Mental, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University;Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University;Chinese Traditional Regimen Exercise Intervention Research Center, Beijing Sport University;Institute on Aging, Seoul National University

关键词: physical exercise;    muscle function;    physical performance;    sarcopenia;    meta—analysis;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmed.2021.649748

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Background: Sarcopenia is a muscle disease in loss of muscle strength, mass, and function associated with aging. Although protective effects of exercise on muscle mass and function are generally recognized, research findings in sarcopenic adults are inconsistent. It is necessary to conduct a systematic review to determine the effects of exercise on muscle strength, body composition, and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia, and to examine the potential moderators including sociodemographic characteristics and exercise-related factors. Methods: Six electronical academic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus) were used to retrieve the eligible studies from inception to May 2020. Two reviewers independently selected and extracted the data from each included study, and effect sizes were calculated by employing random-effect models with 95% confidential interval (CI). The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess study quality. Results: Seventeen studies (985 participants with sarcopenia, aged 67.6–86 years) were included in this review study. The meta-analytic results showed significant improvements in muscle strength [grip strength, SMD = 0.30, 95% CI (0.15, 0.45), I 2 = 6%, p < 0.01; knee extension, SMD = 0.32, 95% CI (0.15, 0.50), I 2 = 0%, p < 0.01; and chair and stand, SMD = 0.56, 95% CI (0.30, 0.81), I 2 = 36%, p < 0.01], in physical performance [timed up and go, SMD = 0.74, 95% CI (0.48, 1.00), I 2 = 0%, p < 0.01; and gait speed, SMD = 0.59, 95% CI (0.35, 0.82), I 2 = 62%, p < 0.01], and in body composition [skeletal muscle mass index, SMD = 0.37, 95% CI (0.15, 0.58), I 2 = 16%, p < 0.01; and appendicular skeletal muscle, SMD = 0.31, 95% CI (0.13, 0.49), I 2 = 20%, p < 0.01]. However, there were no significant differences in other body composition (SMD = 0.20–0.36). Additionally, meta-regression revealed that the higher percent of female participants was significantly associated with improved gait speed (β = 0.0096, p = 0.03) and decreased skeletal muscle mass index (β = −0.0092, p = 0.01). Conclusions: The current meta-analysis suggests that exercise is a beneficial therapy, which has protective effects for older adults with sarcopenia. Some beneficial effects may be moderated by gender and exercise intensity.

【 授权许可】

CC BY