Urine Cadmium as a Risk Factor for Osteoporosis and Osteopenia: A Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Medicine

article

Dong Li¹  HaoJie Lin²  Min Zhang³  Jing Meng¹  LiYou Hu¹  Bo Yu⁴ 

[1] The Chinese Medicine College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;Jinan Blood Supply and Security Center;Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

关键词: cadmium;    osteoporosis;    osteopenia;    meta-analysis;    risk factor;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmed.2021.648902

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Background: As society ages, the incidence of osteoporosis increases. In several studies, cadmium (Cd) is thought to be related to osteoporosis. However, there are conflicting reports about the relationship between Cd and the risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore the relationship between Cd and osteoporosis and osteopenia. Methods: Through a review of the literature, articles published in PubMed as of December 2020 were identified and the references of related publications and reviews were reviewed. Ultimately, 17 eligible articles were selected to determine the relationship between blood and urine Cd concentrations for the risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia. In this study, we performed a classification analysis, heterogeneity test, subgroup analysis, and evaluated publication bias. Results: A total of 17 studies were included, including seven on blood Cd and 10 on urine Cd. By combining the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the lowest and highest categories, the odds ratio of blood Cd concentration that increased the risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia was OR 1.21 (95% CI: 0.84–1.58) and that of urine Cd concentration that increased the risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia was OR 1.80 (95% CI: 1.42–2.18), and the results of the subgroup analysis were also consistent. Conclusions: Our research indicates that while urine cadmium (Cd) concentration may be related to increased risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia, blood Cd concentration may not. Therefore, compared to blood Cd concentration, urine Cd concentration may be more reliable as a risk factor for osteoporosis and osteopenia. This result should be interpreted with caution. Currently. research on the relationship between Cd concentration and osteoporosis and osteopenia is limited, thus, further large, high-quality prospective studies are required to elucidate the relationship between Cd concentration and osteoporosis and osteopenia.

【 授权许可】

CC BY