Preferential Consolidation of Emotional Memory During Sleep: A Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Psychology

article

Gosia Lipinska¹  Beth Stuart²  Kevin G. F. Thomas¹  David S. Baldwin³  Elaina Bolinger⁵ 

[1] UCT Sleep Sciences and Applied Cognitive Science and Experimental Neuroscience Team (ACSENT), Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town;Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom;Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom;University Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town;Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen

关键词: consolidation;    emotional memory;    meta-analysis;    review;    sleep;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01014

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

It is uncertain whether sleep preferentially consolidates emotional over neutral material. Some studies suggest that sleep enhances emotional memory (i.e., that there are large differences in strength of memory for valenced material compared to neutral material after a sleep-filled interval, but that this difference is smaller after a wake-filled interval). Others find no such effect. We attempted to resolve this uncertainty by conducting a meta-analysis that compared valenced to neutral material after both sleep- and wake-filled delays. Standard search strategies identified 31 studies (containing 36 separate datasets) that met our inclusion criteria. Using random effects modeling, we conducted separate analyses for datasets comparing (a) negative vs. neutral material, (b) positive vs. neutral material, or (c) combined negative and positive vs. neutral material. We then specified several subgroup analyses to investigate potential moderators of the relationship between sleep and emotional memory consolidation. Results showed no overall effect for preferential sleep-dependent consolidation of emotional over neutral material. However, moderation analyses provided evidence for stronger effects when (a) studies used free recall rather than recognition outcome measures, or (b) delayed recall or recognition outcomes were controlled for initial learning. Those analyses also suggested that other methodological features (e.g., whether participants experience a full night of sleep and a regular daytime waking control condition rather than a nap and a night-time sleep deprivation control condition) and sample characteristics (e.g. all-male or not, young adult or not) should be carefully addressed in future research in this field. These findings suggest that sleep does enhance emotional memory, but that in the laboratory the effect is only observed under particular methodological conditions. The conditions we identify as being critical to consider are consistent with general theories guiding scientific understanding of memory consolidation during sleep.

【 授权许可】

CC BY