Frontiers in Psychology | |
Tuning in to Toddlers : Research Protocol and Recruitment for Evaluation of an Emotion Socialization Program for Parents of Toddlers | |
article | |
Sophie S. Havighurst1  Christiane E. Kehoe1  Ann E. Harley1  Ameika M. Johnson1  Nicholas B. Allen3  Rae L. Thomas4  | |
[1] Mindful: Centre for Training and Research in Developmental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne;Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo;Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, United States;Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Bond University | |
关键词: toddlers; parenting; emotion socialization; emotion coaching; prevention; protocol; | |
DOI : 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01054 | |
学科分类:社会科学、人文和艺术(综合) | |
来源: Frontiers | |
【 摘 要 】
Background: Parenting a toddler is a challenging experience for many parents with times of emotional dysregulation in both parent and child. Parenting interventions may be useful for parents to improve their ability to regulate emotions and respond to children’s emotions in a way that assists the child to understand and regulate emotions (emotion competence). Tuning in to Toddlers (TOTS) is a new parenting program that aims to improve parents’ emotion regulation, emotional responsiveness, and emotion coaching (aspects of emotion socialization) to promote optimal emotional development in toddlers, and prevent social and behavioral difficulties. This paper outlines the rationale, methodology, intervention, and recruitment used in a trial to establish program efficacy. Methods/Design: Parents of toddlers aged 18–36 months old were recruited through child care centers (CC) and maternal child health (MCH) centers in Melbourne, Australia and were allocated to either intervention or a 15-month wait-list control condition in a cluster-randomized controlled design. Inclusion criteria were a child in the age range at baseline attending one of the CC or MCH centers. Exclusion criteria were if the parent/carer had insufficient English to attend the intervention and complete measures. Parents in the intervention condition participated in the 6-session group TOTS program delivered by two facilitators using a structured manual and measures of program fidelity and acceptability. Participants in the wait-list control condition received the intervention after a 15-month waiting period. Participants completed measures at baseline, post-intervention (intervention participants only) and 15-month follow-up. Primary outcome measures included parent emotion socialization (parent-report and observed). Secondary outcomes included parent-reported parent functioning (emotion regulation and mental health), toddler social, emotional and behavioral functioning, and parent and toddler systemic cortisol stress (using hair samples). The study was designed to comply with the CONSORT statement and intervention reporting outlined using TIDieR. Results: Three hundred and six parents were recruited and completed baseline parent questionnaires, with a further 234 completing parent–child observation assessments, 235 parent cortisol, and 198 child cortisol. Discussion: This paper is a methodological description of the TOTS randomized controlled trial evaluation protocol. It outlines some of the challenges in recruiting parents of toddlers to parenting programs. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov , identifier ACTRN12615000 962538.
【 授权许可】
CC BY
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