Feedback at Test Can Reverse the Retrieval-Effort Effect

Frontiers in Psychology

article

Oliver Kliegl¹  Robert A. Bjork¹  Karl-Heinz T. Bäuml² 

[1] Department of Psychology, University of California, United States;Institute of Psychology, Universität Regensburg

关键词: retrieval practice;    feedback;    retrieval effort;    testing effect;    episodic memory;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01863

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

The testing effect refers to the finding that retrieving previously encoded material typically improves subsequent recall performance more on a later test than does restudying that material. Storm et al. (2014) demonstrated, however, that when feedback is provided on such a later test the testing advantage then turns to a restudying advantage on subsequent tests. The goal of the present research was to examine whether there is a similar consequence of feedback when the difficulty of initial retrieval practice is modulated. Replicating prior research, we found that on an initial delayed test, recall of to-be-learned items was better following difficult than easy practice. Critically, however, providing immediate feedback on an initial delayed test reversed this pattern. Our findings are consistent with a distribution-based interpretation of how feedback at test modifies recall performance.

【 授权许可】

CC BY