A Temperament-Attachment-Mentalization-Based (TAM) Theory of Personality and Its Disorders

Frontiers in Psychology

article

Sigmund W. Karterud¹  Mickey T. Kongerslev² 

[1] The Norwegian Institute for Mentalizing;Centre of Excellence on Personality Disorder, Psychiatric Research Unit;Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark

关键词: personality;    personality disorders;    personality theory;    temperament;    primary emotions;    attachment;    mentalizing;    self-consciousness;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00518

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Theories of personality and its disorders need, from time to time, to be revised and updated according to new empirical and conceptual developments. Such development has taken place in the realms of affective neuroscience, evolution, and social cognition. In this article, we outline a new personality theory, which claims that phenomena we usually ascribe to the concept personality are best understood by postulating a web consisting of three major constituents: temperament (mainly primary emotions), attachment, and self-consciousness (mentalizing). We describe these constituents, their neurobiological underpinnings, the subjective experiences they evoke, and their behavioral implications. We discuss the relevance of the espoused theory in the field of personality disorders with references to borderline, narcissistic, and avoidant personality disorders as well as the DSM-5 alternative model. Implications for social psychology, psychotherapy, and common sense self-understanding are outlined. The theory aims to bridge previous contradictions between natural sciences and hermeneutics by its propositions of the evolution of self-consciousness.

【 授权许可】

CC BY