No Two Workforces Are the Same: A Systematic Review of Enumerations and Definitions of Public Health Workforces

Frontiers in Public Health

article

Rory D. Watts¹  Devin C. Bowles²  Eli Ryan³  Colleen Fisher¹  Ian W. Li¹ 

[1]School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia

[2]Australian National University

[3]Council of Academic Public Health Institutions Australasia

关键词: public health workforce;    systematic review;    public health workforce development;    global health workforce;    benchmarking;    public health workforce definition;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpubh.2020.588092

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

The delivery and coordination of public health functions is essential to national and global health, however, there are considerable problems in defining the people who work in public health, as well as estimating their number. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to identify and explore research which has defined and enumerated public health workforces. In particular, how were such workforces defined? Who was included in these workforces? And how did researchers make judgments about the size of a workforce? In this systematic review, we identified 82 publications which enumerated a public health workforce between 2000 and November 2018. Most workforce definitions were unique and study-specific and included workers based on their occupation or their place of work. Common occupations included public health nurses and physicians, epidemiologists, and community health workers. National workforces varied by size, with the United States and Switzerland having the largest public health workforces per-capita, although definitions used varied substantially. Normative assessments (e.g., assessments of ideal workforce size) were informed through opinion, benchmarks or “service-target” models. There are very few regular, consistent enumerations within countries, and fewer still which capture a substantial proportion of the public heath workforce. Assessing the size of the public health workforce is often overlooked and would be aided by fit-for-purpose data, alignment of occupations and functions to international standards, and transparency in normative methods.

【 授权许可】

CC BY