Human milk fungi: environmental determinants and inter-kingdom associations with milk bacteria in the CHILD Cohort Study

BMC Microbiology

article

Moossavi, Shirin¹  Becker, Allan B.²  Mandhane, Piushkumar J.⁵  Sears, Malcolm R.⁶  Khafipour, Ehsan²  Subbarao, Padmaja⁸  Azad, Meghan B.²  Fehr, Kelsey²  Derakhshani, Hooman⁶  Sbihi, Hind^1,10  Robertson, Bianca^1,11  Bode, Lars^1,11  Brook, Jeffrey^1,12  Turvey, Stuart E.^1,10  Moraes, Theo J.⁸ 

[1] Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba;Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION);Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences;Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba;Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta;Department of Medicine, McMaster University;Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba;Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto;Department of Physiology, University of Toronto;Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia;Department of Pediatrics and Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), University of California San Diego;Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto

关键词: Breastmilk;    Human milk;    Breastfeeding;    Mycobiota;    Fungi;    Environment;    CHILD cohort study;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12866-020-01829-0

学科分类：放射科、核医学、医学影像

来源: BioMed Central

【 摘 要 】

Fungi constitute an important yet frequently neglected component of the human microbiota with a possible role in health and disease. Fungi and bacteria colonise the infant gastrointestinal tract in parallel, yet most infant microbiome studies have ignored fungi. Milk is a source of diverse and viable bacteria, but few studies have assessed the diversity of fungi in human milk. Here we profiled mycobiota in milk from 271 mothers in the CHILD birth cohort and detected fungi in 58 (21.4%). Samples containing detectable fungi were dominated by Candida, Alternaria, and Rhodotorula, and had lower concentrations of two human milk oligosaccharides (disialyllacto-N-tetraose and lacto-N-hexaose). The presence of milk fungi was associated with multiple outdoor environmental features (city, population density, and season), maternal atopy, and early-life antibiotic exposure. In addition, despite a strong positive correlation between bacterial and fungal richness, there was a co-exclusion pattern between the most abundant fungus (Candida) and most of the core bacterial genera. We profiled human milk mycobiota in a well-characterised cohort of mother-infant dyads and provide evidence of possible host-environment interactions in fungal inoculation. Further research is required to establish the role of breastfeeding in delivering fungi to the developing infant, and to assess the health impact of the milk microbiota in its entirety, including both bacterial and fungal components.

【 授权许可】

CC BY|CC0