Imaging of gallbladder metastasis

Insights into Imaging

Alessio Lino Taraschi¹  Andrea Delli Pizzi¹  Raffaella Basilico¹  Luca Pascucci¹  Orlando Catalano²  Cosima Schiavone³  Stefano Fabiani³  Giulio Cocco³  Andrea Boccatonda³ 

[1] Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Studies, “G.D’Annunzio” University, Chiety, Italy;Istituto Diagnostico Varelli, Naples, Italy;Unit of Ultrasound in Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, “G.D’Annunzio” University, Chiety, Italy;

关键词: Gallbladder;    Neoplasm metastasis;    Ultrasound imaging;    Tomography (X-ray computed);    Magnetic resonance imaging;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s13244-021-01049-8

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Gallbladder metastasis (GM) is a rare condition, often with a late diagnosis or detected upon autopsy. There is no extensive literature on the imaging diagnosis of GM. Here we present a comprehensive review of the literature with the aim of helping to interpret the clinical findings and imaging features of such patients. Few studies on GM are reported in literature. GM by melanoma accounts for about 55.6% of cases. The remaining cases origin from breast cancer (13.6%), hepatocellular carcinoma (13.6%), renal cell carcinoma (6.8%), lung cancer (4.5%), lymphoma (3.5%) and gastric cancer (2.4%). The most common clinical presentation of GM is abdominal pain from cholecystitis due to obstruction of the cystic duct. The main ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings that clinicians and radiologists should consider in their everyday medical activity were discussed. The diagnosis of GM was often achieved through a combination of more than one imaging modality. In more than 90% of cases, the diagnosis of GM is often late and combined with other organs involvement in the terminal stage of the malignancy. The knowledge of the clinical features and different imaging techniques through careful evaluation of the gallbladder can help to achieve early diagnosis and avoid misdiagnosis or false negative results.

【 授权许可】

CC BY