Comparative analysis of various waste cooking oils for esterification and transesterification processes to produce biodiesel

Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews

article

Ikram ul Haq¹  Ayesha Akram¹  Ali Nawaz¹  Xin Zohu²  Syed Zaghum Abbas³  Yong Xu²  Mohd Rafatullah⁴ 

[1] Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University Lahore;Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University;Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University;Division of Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia

关键词: Distillation temperature;    fire point;    exhaust emissions;    immobilization;    pour point;    re-esterification;   

DOI  :  10.1080/17518253.2021.1941305

学科分类：化学（综合）

来源: Taylor & Francis

【 摘 要 】

This study is focused on the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oils to turn the waste into energy by biological means. Physicochemical analysis of the oil samples was performed by measuring their density, acid value and saponification value for evaluating their efficacy towards biodiesel synthesis. Metal catalyzed glycerolysis and acid catalyzed esterification was carried out to reduce the free fatty acid number of oils. Transesterification of treated oils was done by using different alkalis and lipase (free and immobilized) as catalysts. Furthermore, the impact of all the reaction parameters including time, temperature, catalysts and methanol concentration was observed. Biodiesel was purified by wet and dry washing. Maximum product formation was achieved with 1% potassium hydroxide (KOH) followed by 4% free lipase and 6% immobilized lipase. Chemical composition analysis by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS) showed the presences of about 97 and 93% fatty acid methyl esters for KOH and lipase based biodiesel, respectively. Fuel properties including distillation temperature, kinematic viscosity, flash, fire, cloud and pour point of the final product were found in accordance with the standard American Society Testing and Materials biodiesel specifications.

【 授权许可】

CC BY|CC BY-NC