Buffon, Jefferson and the theory of New World degeneracy

Evolution

article

Dugatkin, Lee Alan¹ 

[1] Department of Biology, University of Louisville

关键词: New World degeneracy hypothesis;    Count Buffon;    Thomas Jefferson;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12052-019-0107-0

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

In his magnum opus, Natural History: General and Particular, Count Buffon, one of the leading natural historians of the 18th century, argued that all life in the New World, particularly North America, was degenerate—weaker, smaller and feebler—than life in the Old World. This work tapped into pre-existing fears in Europe that America might emerge as a rival on the world stage, and so both the leaders, like Fredrick the Great, and the people of Europe (Natural History was a best seller), embraced what became known as the theory of New World degeneracy. In the fledgling United States, Thomas Jefferson and others took the lead to debunk this theory. Despite Jefferson’s refutation, the theory of degeneracy far outlived Buffon and Jefferson. It continued to be debated for nearly 100 years, in scientific, literary and political circles. Eventually the degeneracy argument died; but it did not die an easy death.

【 授权许可】

Unknown