Genetic differentiation and restricted gene flow in rice landraces from Yunnan, China: effects of isolation-by-distance and isolation-by-environment

Rice

Yayun Yang¹  Luyuan Dai¹  Chao Dong¹  Cuifeng Tang¹  Feifei Zhang¹  Xinxiang A¹  Longzhi Han²  Bing Han²  Jinmei Li²  Xiaoding Ma²  Di Cui²  Hongfeng Lu³ 

[1] Institute of Biotech and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 9 Xueyunlu, 650205, Kunming, Yunnan, China;Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun Nandajie, 100081, Beijing, China;Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, 100083, Beijing, China;

关键词: Rice landraces;    Genetic diversity;    Genetic differentiation;    Isolation-by-distance;    Isolation-by-environment;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12284-021-00497-6

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundUnderstanding and identifying the factors responsible for genetic differentiation is of fundamental importance for efficient utilization and conservation of traditional rice landraces. In this study, we examined the spatial genetic differentiation of 594 individuals sampled from 28 locations in Yunnan Province, China, covering a wide geographic distribution and diverse growing conditions. All 594 accessions were studied using ten unlinked target genes and 48 microsatellite loci, and the representative 108 accessions from the whole collection were sampled for resequencing.ResultsThe genetic diversity of rice landraces was quite different geographically and exhibited a geographical decline from south to north in Yunnan, China. Population structure revealed that the rice landraces could be clearly differentiated into japonica and indica groups, respectively. In each group, the rice accessions could be further differentiated corresponded to their geographic locations, including three subgroups from northern, southern and middle locations. We found more obvious internal geographic structure in the japonica group than in the indica group. In the japonica group, we found that genetic and phenotypic differentiation were strongly related to geographical distance, suggesting a pattern of isolation by distance (IBD); this relationship remained highly significant when we controlled for environmental effects, where the likelihood of gene flow is inversely proportional to the distance between locations. Moreover, the gene flow also followed patterns of isolation by environment (IBE) whereby gene flow rates are higher in similar environments. We detected 314 and 216 regions had been differentially selected between Jap-N and Jap-S, Ind-N and Ind-S, respectively, and thus referred to as selection signatures for different geographic subgroups. We also observed a number of significant and interesting associations between loci and environmental factors, which implies adaptation to local environment.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the influence of geographical isolation and environmental heterogeneity on the pattern of the gene flow, and demonstrate that both geographical isolation and environment drives adaptive divergence play dominant roles in the genetic differentiation of the rice landraces in Yunnan, China as a result of limited dispersal.

【 授权许可】

CC BY