From species to communities: the signature of recreational use on a tropical river ecosystem

Ecology and Evolution

Amy E. Deacon¹  Hideyasu Shimadzu¹  Maria Dornelas¹  Indar W. Ramnarine² 

[1] Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom;Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

关键词: Allocation rules;    anthropogenic disturbance;    biodiversity;    community capacity;    diversity indices;    ecosystem services;    freshwater ecology;    Poecilia reticulata;   

DOI  :  10.1002/ece3.1800

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Abstract

Disturbance can impact natural communities in multiple ways. However, there has been a tendency to focus on single indicators of change when examining the effects of disturbance. This is problematic as classical diversity measures, such as Shannon and Simpson indices, do not always detect the effects of disturbance. Here, we instead take a multilevel, hierarchical approach, looking for signatures of disturbance in the capacity and diversity of the community, and also in allocation and demography at the population level. Using recreational use as an example of disturbance, and the freshwater streams of Trinidad as a model ecosystem, we repeatedly sampled the fish communities and physical parameters of eight pairs of recreational and nonrecreational sites every 3 months over a 28-month period. We also chose the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata) as the subject of our population-level analyses. Regression tree analysis, together with analysis of deviance, revealed that community capacity and community species richness were greater at sites with higher levels of recreational use. Interestingly, measures of community diversity that took into account the proportional abundance of each species were not significantly associated with recreational use. Neither did we find any direct association between recreational use and proportion of guppy biomass in the community. However, population-level differences were detected in the guppy: Sex ratio was significantly more female-biased at more disturbed sites. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering multiple levels when asking how disturbance impacts a community. We advocate the use of a multilevel approach when monitoring the effects of disturbance, and highlight gaps in our knowledge when it comes to interpreting these effects.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2015 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.