Contemporary and historical evolutionary processes interact to shape patterns of within‐lake phenotypic divergences in polyphenic pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus

Ecology and Evolution

Dylan J. Weese¹  Moira M. Ferguson¹ 

[1] Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada

关键词: Trophic polymorphism;    resource polymorphism;    trophic morphology;    glacial refugia;    phylogeography;    divergent natural selection;    ecomorphology;    geometric morphometrics;    Centrarchidae;    postglacial lakes;    Lepomis gibbosus;    Centrarchid sunfish;   

DOI  :  10.1002/ece3.72

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Abstract

Historical and contemporary evolutionary processes can both contribute to patterns of phenotypic variation among populations of a species. Recent studies are revealing how interactions between historical and contemporary processes better explain observed patterns of phenotypic divergence than either process alone. Here, we investigate the roles of evolutionary history and adaptation to current environmental conditions in structuring phenotypic variation among polyphenic populations of sunfish inhabiting 12 postglacial lakes in eastern North America. The pumpkinseed sunfish polyphenism includes sympatric ecomorphs specialized for littoral or pelagic lake habitats. First, we use population genetic methods to test the evolutionary independence of within-lake phenotypic divergences of ecomorphs and to describe patterns of genetic structure among lake populations that clustered into three geographical groupings. We then used multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) to partition body shape variation (quantified with geometric morphometrics) among the effects of evolutionary history (reflecting phenotypic variation among genetic clusters), the shared phenotypic response of all populations to alternate habitats within lakes (reflecting adaptation to contemporary conditions), and unique phenotypic responses to habitats within lakes nested within genetic clusters. All effects had a significant influence on body form, but the effects of history and the interaction between history and contemporary habitat were larger than contemporary processes in structuring phenotypic variation. This highlights how divergence can be better understood against a known backdrop of evolutionary history.

【 授权许可】

CC BY-NC   
© 2011 The Authors. MicrobiologyOpen published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.