Gallium Maltolate as an Alternative to Macrolides for Treatment of Presumed Rhodococcus equi Pneumonia in Foals

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Noah D. Cohen²  Nathan M. Slovis¹  Steeve Giguère³  Samantha Baker¹  M. Keith Chaffin² 

[1] McGee Medicine Center, Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, Lexington, KY;Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX;Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA

关键词: Antibiotic choices;    Antimicrobial resistance;    Antimicrobials;    Equivalency;   

DOI  :  10.1111/jvim.12595

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Abstract

Background

Macrolide-resistant isolates of Rhodococcus equi are emerging, prompting the search for clinically effective alternative antimicrobials.

Hypothesis

The proportion of foals with ultrasonographic evidence of pneumonia presumed to be caused by R. equi that had a successful outcome when administered gallium maltolate (GaM) PO would not be more than 10% inferior (ie, lower) than that of foals receiving standard treatment.

Animals

Fifty-four foals with subclinical pulmonary abscesses among 509 foals at 6 breeding farms in Kentucky.

Methods

Controlled, randomized, prospective noninferiority study. Foals with ultrasonographic lesions >1 cm in diameter (n = 54) were randomly allocated to receive per os either clarithromycin combined with rifampin (CLR+R) or GaM, and followed up for 28 days by daily physical inspections and weekly (n = 1 farm) or biweekly (n = 4 farms) thoracic ultrasound examinations by individuals unaware of treatment-group assignments. Treatment success was defined as resolution of ultrasonographically identified pulmonary abscesses within 28 days of initiating treatment. Noninferiority was defined as a 90% confidence interval for the observed difference in CLR+R minus GaM that was ≤10%.

Results

The proportion of GaM-treated foals that resolved (70%; 14/20) was similar to that of foals treated with CLR+R (74%; 25/34), but we failed to demonstrate noninferiority for GaM relative to CLR+R; however, GaM was noninferior to CLR+R treatment when results from a noncompliant farm were excluded.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Gallium maltolate is not inferior to macrolides for treating foals with subclinical pneumonia. Use of GaM might reduce pressure for macrolide-resistance in R. equi.

【 授权许可】

CC BY-NC   
Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

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