Clinical and Immunomodulating Effects of Ketamine in Horses with Experimental Endotoxemia

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

C.J. Alcott²  B.A. Sponseller²  D.M. Wong²  J.L. Davis³  A.M. Soliman¹  C. Wang⁴ 

[1] Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA;Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA;Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC;Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA

关键词: Horses;    Immunomodulation;    Lipopolysaccharide;    Subanesthetic ketamine;    Thromboxane;    Tumor necrosis factor‐α;   

DOI  :  10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0749.x

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Abstract

Background:  Ketamine has immunomodulating effects both in vitro and in vivo during experimental endotoxemia in humans, rodents, and dogs.

Hypothesis:  Subanesthetic doses of ketamine will attenuate the clinical and immunologic responses to experimental endotoxemia in horses.

Animals:  Nineteen healthy mares of various breeds.

Methods:  Experimental study. Horses were randomized into 2 groups: ketamine-treated horses (KET; n = 9) and saline-treated horses (SAL; n = 10). Both groups received 30 ng/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli, O55:B5) 1 hour after the start of a continuous rate infusion (CRI) of racemic ketamine (KET) or physiologic saline (SAL). Clinical and hematological responses were documented and plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂) were quantified.

Results:  All horses safely completed the study. The KET group exhibited transient excitation during the ketamine loading infusion (P < .05) and 1 hour after discontinuation of administration (P < .05). Neutrophilic leukocytosis was greater in the KET group 8 and 24 hours after administration of LPS (P < .05). Minor perturbations of plasma biochemistry results were considered clinically insignificant. Plasma TNF-α and TXB₂ production peaked 1.5 and 1 hours, respectively, after administration of LPS in both groups, but a significant difference between treatment groups was not demonstrated.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance:  A subanesthetic ketamine CRI is well tolerated by horses. A significant effect on the clinical or immunologic response to LPS administration, as assessed by clinical observation, hematological parameters, and TNF-α and TXB₂ production, was not identified in healthy horses with the subanesthetic dose of racemic ketamine utilized in this study.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
Copyright © 2011 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine