Tradeoffs in marine reserve design: habitat condition, representation, and socioeconomic costs

Conservation Letters

Carissa J. Klein¹  Vivitskaia J. Tulloch¹  Benjamin S. Halpern³  Kimberly A. Selkoe³  Matthew E. Watts¹  Charles Steinback²  Astrid Scholz² 

[1] Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, National Environmental Research Program funded Environmental Decisions Hub, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia;Ecotrust, Portland, Oregon, USA;National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, California, USA

关键词: Climate change;    conservation planning;    cumulative human impact;    land–sea planning;    marine protected area;    Marxan;    spatial conservation prioritization;   

DOI  :  10.1111/conl.12005

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Abstract

We present a novel method for designing marine reserves that trades off three important attributes of a conservation plan: habitat condition, habitat representation, and socioeconomic costs. We calculated habitat condition in four ways, using different human impacts as a proxy for condition: all impacts; impacts that cannot be managed with a reserve; land-based impacts; and climate change impacts. We demonstrate our approach in California, where three important tradeoffs emerged. First, reserve systems that have a high chance of protecting good condition habitats cost fishers less than 3.1% of their income. Second, cost to fishers can be reduced by 1/2–2/3 by triaging less than 1/3 of habitats. Finally, increasing the probability of protecting good condition habitats from 50% to 99% costs fishers an additional 1.7% of their income, with roughly 0.3% added costs for each additional 10% confidence. Knowing exactly what the cost of these tradeoffs are informs discussion and potential compromise among stakeholders involved in protected area planning worldwide.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
©2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.