Hyperoxia and Lungs: What We Have Learned From Animal Models

Frontiers in Medicine

Luciano Amarelle¹  Lucía Quintela¹  Javier Hurtado¹  Leonel Malacrida² 

[1] Department of Pathophysiology, Hospital de Clínicas, School of Medicine, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay;Department of Pathophysiology, Hospital de Clínicas, School of Medicine, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay;Advanced Bioimaging Unit, Institut Pasteur Montevideo and Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay;

关键词: hyperoxia;    animal models;    translational science;    lung injury;    hyperoxia acute lung injury;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmed.2021.606678

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Although oxygen (O2) is essential for aerobic life, it can also be an important source of cellular damage. Supra-physiological levels of O2 determine toxicity due to exacerbated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, impairing the homeostatic balance of several cellular processes. Furthermore, injured cells activate inflammation cascades, amplifying the tissue damage. The lung is the first (but not the only) organ affected by this condition. Critically ill patients are often exposed to several insults, such as mechanical ventilation, infections, hypo-perfusion, systemic inflammation, and drug toxicity. In this scenario, it is not easy to dissect the effect of oxygen toxicity. Translational investigations with animal models are essential to explore injuring stimuli in controlled experimental conditions, and are milestones in understanding pathological mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies. Animal models can resemble what happens in critical care or anesthesia patients under mechanical ventilation and hyperoxia, but are also critical to explore the effect of O2 on lung development and the role of hyperoxic damage on bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Here, we set out to review the hyperoxia effects on lung pathology, contributing to the field by describing and analyzing animal experimentation's main aspects and its implications on human lung diseases.

【 授权许可】

CC BY