Analysis of Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Northwest Mexico and the Relationship Between the Influenza Vaccine and the Survival of Infected Patients

Frontiers in Public Health

Jorge Velazquez-Roman¹  Secundino Muro-Amador¹  Uriel A. Angulo-Zamudio¹  Jaime Sanchez-Cuen²  Nidia Leon-Sicairos³  Jesus J. Martinez-Garcia³  Hector Flores-Villaseñor⁴  Adrian Canizalez-Roman⁵  Julio Medina-Serrano⁶  Francisco Urrea⁷  Francisco M. Martínez-Villa⁸  Abraham Campos-Romero⁹  Jonathan Alcántar-Fernández⁹  Jorge Angulo-Rocha^1,10 

[1] Centro de Investigación Aplicada a la Salud Pública (CIASaP), School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Mexico;Centro de Investigación Aplicada a la Salud Pública (CIASaP), School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Mexico;Hospital Regional, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Culiacán, Mexico;Centro de Investigación Aplicada a la Salud Pública (CIASaP), School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Mexico;Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Mexico;Centro de Investigación Aplicada a la Salud Pública (CIASaP), School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Mexico;The Sinaloa State Public Health Laboratory, Secretariat of Health, Culiacan, Mexico;Centro de Investigación Aplicada a la Salud Pública (CIASaP), School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Mexico;The Women's Hospital, Secretariat of Health, Culiacan, Mexico;Coordinación en Investigación en Salud, Órgano de Operación Administrativa Desconcentrada (OOAD), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Culiacan Sinaloa, Mexico;Hospital Regional, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Culiacán, Mexico;Programa de Maestría en Ciencias en Biomedicina Molecular, Autonomous University of Sinaloa (UAS), Culiacan, Mexico;Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 46, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Culiacan, Mexico;Salud Digna A.C., Culiacán, Mexico;The Women's Hospital, Secretariat of Health, Culiacan, Mexico;

关键词: COVID-19;    Mexico;    influenza vaccine;    clinical characteristics;    epidemiological;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpubh.2021.570098

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

The first cases of unexplained pneumonia were reported in Wuhan, China, in December of 2019. Later, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the causal agent of pneumonia. This virus has since spread to more than 180 countries and has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Herein, we aimed to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of symptomatic patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the relationship between the influenza vaccine with a lower risk of severe COVID-19 infection in the state of Sinaloa. We collected demographic and clinical data of 4,040 patients with acute respiratory infections across Sinaloa state hospitals from February 28 to May 15, 2020. The prevalence of COVID-19 among hospitalized patients with respiratory symptoms in Sinaloa showed 45.2% of men were more affected than women (p < 0.001), and people aged 40–49 years were the most affected. The main symptoms of COVID-19 infection were cough and fever (p < 0.001), while hypertension, obesity, and type 2 diabetes were the chronic diseases associated with COVID-19 than non-COVID-19 (p < 0.003). Healthcare workers were most likely to be infected compared to other occupations (p < 0.001). The general lethality rate was 14.1%, and males >62 years were the ones who had a higher lethality rate (p < 0.001); the aforementioned chronic diseases were related to higher lethality of COVID-19 (p < 0.001). Likewise, higher lethality was seen in housewives and patient retirees/pensioners compared with other occupations (p < 0.001). Finally, we found there was a relationship between influenza vaccination and a lower risk of severe COVID-19 infection and mortality (p < 0.001). These findings showed that healthcare workers, men >62 years with chronic diseases, and retired people were most affected. Furthermore, the influenza vaccine could decrease the severeness of COVID-19 cases.

【 授权许可】

CC BY