Design and Validation of an Observational System for Penalty Kick Analysis in Football (OSPAF)

Frontiers in Psychology

Martin Lames¹  Guilherme de Sousa Pinheiro¹  Vitor Bertoli Nascimento²  Matt Dicks³  Varley Teoldo Costa⁴ 

[1] Chair for Performance Analysis and Sport Informatics, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany;Motor control and Biomechanics, Department of Sports, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil;School of Sports, Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom;UFMG Soccer Science Center, Department of Sports, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;

关键词: performance analysis;    observational methodology;    content validity;    Aiken’s V;    elite football;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661179

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

The analysis of penalty kick has played an important role in performance analysis. The study aims are to get formal feedback on the relevance of variables for penalty kick analysis, to design and validate an observational system; and to assess experts’ opinion on the optimum video footage in penalty kick analysis. A structured development process was adopted for content validity, reliability and agreement on video usage. All observational variables included in OSPAF showed Aiken’s V values above the cut-off (for 5-scale V> 0.64; for 2-scale = V > 0.75; p < 0.05). Cohen’s Kappa resulted in mean intra- and inter-rater reliability values of 0.90 and 0.86, respectively. It is recommended to combine at least three different viewing angles (V = 0.90; p = 0.006) with standardization of video quality (V = 0.95; p = 0.006). Changing the viewing angles may influence the observer perception (V = 0.86; p = 0.006). The aerial and pitch-level viewing angle behind the penalty taker and pitch-level viewing angle behind the goalkeeper were indicated as most appropriate for observational analysis (V = 0.97; p = 0.01). The OSPAF met all requirements of instrument validation. It may be recommended as basis of future observational systems on penalty kicks.

【 授权许可】

CC BY