The Role of the Physical and Social Environment in Observed and Self-Reported Park Use in Low-Income Neighborhoods in New York City

Frontiers in Public Health

Hanish Kodali¹  Emily Ferris¹  Terry T. K. Huang¹  Katarzyna Wyka¹  Joan M. Dorn²  Kelly R. Evenson³  Lorna E. Thorpe⁴  Setha Low⁵  Javier E. Otero Peña⁶ 

[1] Center for Systems and Community Design, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States;Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States;Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States;Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States;Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States;Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States;Center for Systems and Community Design, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States;

关键词: park use;    physical environment;    social environment;    low-income neighborhoods;    built environment;    community health;    stop and frisk;    physical activity and redesigned community spaces study;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpubh.2021.656988

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Physical and social environments of parks and neighborhoods influence park use, but the extent of their relative influence remains unclear. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between the physical and social environment of parks and both observed and self-reported park use in low-income neighborhoods in New York City. We conducted community- (n = 54 parks) and individual-level (n = 904 residents) analyses. At the community level, observed park use was measured using a validated park audit tool and regressed on the number of facilities and programmed activities in parks, violent crime, stop-and-frisk incidents, and traffic accidents. At the individual level, self-reported park use was regressed on perceived park quality, crime, traffic-related walkability, park use by others, and social cohesion and trust. Data were collected in 2016–2018 and analyzed in 2019–2020. At the community level, observed park use was negatively associated with stop-and-frisk (β = −0.04; SE = 0.02; p < 0.05) and positively associated with the number of park facilities (β = 1.46; SE = 0.57; p < 0.05) and events (β = 0.16; SE = 0.16; p < 0.01). At the individual level, self-reported park use was positively associated with the social cohesion and trust scale (β = 0.02; SE = 0.01; p < 0.05). These results indicate that physical and social attributes of parks, but not perceptions of parks, were significantly associated with park use. The social environment of neighborhoods at both community and individual levels was significantly related to park use. Policies for increasing park use should focus on improving the social environment of parks and surrounding communities, not only parks' physical attributes. These findings can inform urban planning and public health interventions aimed at improving the well-being of residents in low-income communities.

【 授权许可】

CC BY