Fabrication of nanochannels with complex three-dimensional structures based on a modified atomic force microscopy nanoscratching system

Micro & nano letters

article

Bowen Yu¹  Yanquan Geng¹  Yongda Yan¹  Zhenjiang Hu¹ 

[1] Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology

关键词: nanofabrication;    atomic force microscopy;    nanoelectromechanical devices;    nanochannel fabrication;    complex three-dimensional structures;    modified atomic force microscopy nanoscratching system;    AFM tip;    geometric patterns;    scanning velocity;    machining;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2014.0264

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Although epidural anesthesia is considered relatively safe, unintentional dural puncture or spinal cord injury occurs if the needle is advanced too deep. In this case report, we described a successful epidural anesthesia in an adult patient who has an extremely shallow epidural space (1.5 cm), which is the smallest depth reported in the literature. The distance from the skin to the epidural space should be checked before the procedure to avoid serious complications particularly in small women. The epidural needle should not be advanced beyond a depth of 1.5 cm without loss-of-resistance technique or other methods for identifying the epidural space. The present case report re-emphasizes the importance of basic tips and fundamental techniques used for safe epidural anesthesia. Anesthesiologists should be aware that the epidural space depth could be as small as 1.5 cm even in adult patients.

【 授权许可】

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