Performance analysis for randomly distributed mixed carbon nanotube bundle interconnects

Micro & nano letters

article

Manoj Kumar Majumder¹  Jainender Kumar¹  Vobulapuram Ramesh Kumar¹  Brajesh Kumar Kaushik¹ 

[1] Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

关键词: carbon nanotubes;    integrated circuit interconnections;    transmission lines;    performance analysis;    randomly distributed mixed carbon nanotube bundle interconnects;    probability;    compact multiconductor transmission line;    simplified equivalent single conductor model;    interconnect lengths;    mean diameter;    tube density;    propagation delay;    power dissipation;    crosstalk;    C;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2014.0502

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Objectives: Effective post-operative pain control is an essential component of care of surgical patients. Various analgesic regimens have been used to ensure adequate postoperative pin relief. We conducted this study to compare the efficacy of spinal anesthesia versus general anesthesia regarding post-operative pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Pain was measured at immediate postoperative and at six hours postoperatively.Methodology: After approval of the hospital ethical committee, 120 females were included in our randomized, control trial from 1 July 2015 to 31 Dec 2015. Patients were explained about the study and informed consent was signed by them or their guardians. Patients were randomly divided into two groups; in Group-A patients, spinal anesthesia was achieved with 3 ml 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine hydrochloride and 25 µg fentanyl. Group-B was given GA. All the patients were premedicated with IV metoclopramide 10 mg and dexamethasone 8 mg; preemptive analgesia with 0.1 mg/kg nalbuphine was done. Induction of GA was done with propofol 2 mg/kg, muscle relaxation was achieved with atracurium besylate 0.5 mg/kg. Endotracheal intubation with 6.5 or 7 mm cuffed tube was done, Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess pain severity at immediate post-operative period (S-0) and at 6 hours (S-6).Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. For quantitative variables like pain score and age, mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated. For qualitative variables like severity of pain, frequency and percentages were calculated. Chi-square test was used to measure frequency of pain between two groups. P-value < 0.05 was taken as significant.

【 授权许可】

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