Hydrothermal synthesis of magnetite: investigation of influence of aging time and mechanism

Micro & nano letters

article

Xiaoning Sun¹  Kangning Sun¹  Yanjie Liang¹ 

[1] Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University;Key Laboratory of Engineering Ceramics, Shandong University

关键词: iron compounds;    crystal growth from solution;    powders;    ageing;    surface morphology;    particle size;    magnetisation;    ferromagnetic materials;    magnetic particles;    hydrothermal synthesis;    magnetite;    aging time;    mechanism research;    ethylene glycol solvent;    morphology;    iron hydroxide powders;    spherical shapes;    particle size;    specific saturation magnetisation;    time 1 h to 10 h;    Fe3O4;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2014.0344

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Background and Aims: the aim of the study was to evaluate inguinal canal block together with intra-incisional injection of tramadol against bupivacaine 0.25% in cases undergoing inguinal hernioplasty under general anesthesia (GA). Methodology: In this randomized controlled trial, 120 male patients were chosen for this study with ASA I or II criteria, between 18 and 60 years of age. They were divided into three groups: either control (Group A), 0.25% bupivacaine (Group B), or tramadol (Group C). After induction of GA, the inguinal canal block and intraincisional infiltration were performed under ultrasound guidance, maintaining the heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) within 20% of their values before induction by the use of Fentanyl bolus intraoperatively. The pain assessment was done postoperatively by visual analogue score (VAS), the time for the first analgesic requirement and the total amount of meperidine consumption was measured. The data analysis was carried out with unpaired Student’s t‑test and Chi‑square test using software SPSS 22.0 version. Results: The fentanyl requirements intra-operatively, the postoperative VAS and total dose of postoperatively meperidine consumption were statistically higher in control group compared to both other groups. But the total amount of meperidine consumption postoperatively was statistically lower in tramadol group compared with other groups. Conclusion: An improved intra-operative and postoperative pain was provided by locally infiltrated tramadol, together with reducing the need of post-operative pain control agents with consequent beneficial reduction of narcotic side effects.

【 授权许可】

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