Solvothermal synthesis of uniform Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C nanoparticles as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries

Micro & nano letters

article

Wenxiang He¹  Qingyuan Chen¹  Tianren Zhang¹  Yunfang Gao³  Jin Cao¹ 

[1]Technology Department, Tianneng Group

[2]Anhui Key Laboratory of Controllable Chemical Reaction and Material Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology

[3]College of Chemical Engineering, Zhengjiang University of Technology

关键词: nanoparticles;    electrochemical electrodes;    secondary cells;    lithium compounds;    vanadium compounds;    carbon;    nanofabrication;    heat treatment;    scanning electron microscopy;    transmission electron microscopy;    particle size;    charge exchange;    thin films;    solvothermal synthesis;    uniform nanoparticles;    lithium ion batteries;    ethanolamine lactate;    carbon sources;    nanostructured cathode materials;    heat treatment;    scanning electron microscopy;    transmission electron microscopy;    particle size;    powder morphology;    high-rate capacity;    cycle stability;    discharge capacity;    charge transfer impedance;    carbon film;    voltage 3.0 V to 4.3 V;    Li3V2(PO4)3-C;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2014.0325

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Objective: To compare the effect of adding two different doses of dexmedetomidine to ropivacaine, on onset and duration of analgesia for supraclavicular brachial plexus block in patients scheduled for upper limb orthopedic surgery. Methodology: This prospective randomized double blind comparative study was conducted at our institution. After ethical committee approval and informed patient consents, 50 patients of ASA I, II and aged 21-60 years, who were scheduled for elective upper limb surgery and were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two equal groups. They received either 30 ml of 0.75% ropivacaine plus dexmedetomidine (1 µg/kg) diluted with normal saline up to 5 ml (total volume = 35 ml) in Group 1 or 30 ml of 0.75% ropivacaine plus dexmedetomidine (2 µg/kg) diluted with normal saline up to 5 ml (total volume = 35 ml) in Group 2. The onset and duration of sensory and motor block, duration of analgesia, hemodynamic parameters, sedation score, VAS and side effects were recorded. Results: Onset time of sensory and motor block were earlier in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p 0.05). There was a statistically significant reduction in number of rescue analgesic doses and total dose consumption in 24 hours in Group 2 than in Group 1. Quantitative data are represented as arithmetic mean and standard deviation and analyzed using Student’s t test or ANOVA as per need. Qualitative data are represented as number (proportion or percentage) and analyzed using Chi square test. The levels of significance and α-error were kept 95% and 5% respectively for all statistical analyses. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine 2 µg/kg provided longer duration of intraoperative sensory and motor analgesia and prolonged postoperative analgesia in comparison to dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg when added to inj ropivacaine 0.75%, for supraclavicular brachial plexus block without any appreciable side effects.

【 授权许可】

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