Improving the gas sensing response of polyaniline via a porous carbon nanotube-based template

Micro & nano letters

article

Wei Li¹  Panpan Guan¹  Aili Wei¹  Huaiping Zhang¹  Hui Zhai² 

[1] Department of Material Science, Taiyuan University of Technology;Shenyang Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Research Institute

关键词: nanoporous materials;    polymers;    tin compounds;    wide band gap semiconductors;    nanocomposites;    nanosensors;    gas sensors;    sputter deposition;    nanofabrication;    oxidation;    polymerisation;    scanning electron microscopy;    infrared spectra;    Raman spectra;    electrical conductivity;    C−SnO2;    SiO2;    conductivity;    aromatic organic compound;    Raman spectrum;    infrared spectrum;    SEM;    scanning electron microscopy;    nanocomposite;    oxidative polymerisation;    glass substrate;    stable tin oxide/single-walled carbon nanotubes porous template;    thermal oxidation;    sputtering;    polyaniline gas sensing response;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2014.0638

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Background: Abdominal field blocks with local anesthetic solutions have been suggested in postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing abdominal wall incisions. In the present study we assessed the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound guided rectus sheath and transversus abdominis plane blocks over first 24 postoperative hours after cesarean deliveries performed through pfannensteil or midline incisions. Methodology: Sixty women undergoing elective or emergency cesarean delivery were enrolled in this randomized, controlled, double-blind trial, and then randomized either to undergo ultrasound guided rectus sheath and transversus abdominis plane blocks with bupivacaine (n=30) or no block (n=30). Inj diclofenac and inj. paracetamol 1 G, were given to all patients, and inj tramadol was given on request as a rescue analgesic. All patients received a spinal anesthesia with 0.5% heavy bupivacaine, and at the end of surgery (after the skin sutures) bilateral rectus sheath and transversus abdominis plane blocks were performed using 15 to 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine in each block on either side (to maximal dose of 3 mg/kg) and no block in the control patients. Each patient was evaluated postoperatively by a blinded investigator at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h postoperatively. Results: Ultrasound guided abdominal field blocks with 0.25% bupivacaine reduced the total tramadol requirement in the first 24 postoperative hours (157 ± 50.709 vs 386.67 ± 29.16 mg) and also the visual analogue pain scores at 2 (2 vs 8) ,4 (2 vs 8),6 (2 vs 8),12 (4 vs 7) and 24 (4 vs 7) hours postoperatively. No significant difference was found between groups in the incidence of nausea. Sedation was reduced in the patients who received the blocks. There were no complications attributed to the blocks. Conclusion: Ultrasound guided abdominal field blocks, as a part of a multimodal analgesic regimen, provided greater analgesia up to 24 h postoperatively after elective or emergency cesarean delivery.

【 授权许可】

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