Urea-assisted combustion synthesis of porous Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 Mn 0.54 O 2 microspheres as high-performance lithium-ion battery cathodes

Micro & nano letters

article

Chenhao Zhao¹  Zhibiao Hu¹  Zehai Qiu¹  Kaiyu Liu¹ 

[1] Department of Material Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, LongYan University

关键词: lithium;    lithium compounds;    nickel compounds;    cobalt compounds;    nanoporous materials;    secondary cells;    crystallisation;    nanoparticles;    current density;    combustion synthesis;    nanofabrication;    urea-assisted combustion synthesis;    porous microspheres;    high-performance lithium-ion battery cathodes;    high-temperature crystallisation;    nanoparticles;    discharge capacity;    Coulombic efficiency;    current density;    lithium-rich layered oxides;    Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2;    Li;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2015.0306

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Background and Aims: Levobupivacaine is a relatively new long-acting local anesthetic, which is the isolated S-enantiomer of racemic bupivacaine with less cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity than bupivacaine. Although it has been introduced for routine epidural anesthesia, yet there is inadequate data for its use in infra-umbilical surgery under spinal anesthesia. We, therefore, performed this prospective randomized double-blinded study to evaluate the anesthetic potencies and hemodynamics of intrathecal levobupivacaine compared with racemic bupivacaine. Methodology: A prospective randomized comparative double blind study included 100 patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-II, scheduled for elective infra-umbilical surgeries under spinal anesthesia was done. The patients were divided into two groups which received either 3.5 ml levobupivacaine 0.5% isobaric or 3.5 ml bupivacaine 0.5% isobaric for spinal anesthesia. The measurement included vital signs, motor and sensory blockade and side effects. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in the quality of motor and sensory block (p-value > 0.05). Maximum number of patients (60%) in levobupivacaine group had sensory onset time between 1-5 minutes whereas in bupivacaine group, 56% of patients had sensory onset time of 6-10 min, which was statistically significant (p=.0001). Nausea, vomiting and shivering was more in Group B patients, but the difference was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The present study indicated that levobupivacaine is a valid alternative to racemic bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia. Both the drugs have similar clinical profile, requirement of rescue analgesic and side effect such as hemodynamic changes, nausea and vomiting.

【 授权许可】

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