Epitaxial growth of graphene thin film by pulsed laser deposition

Micro & nano letters

article

Jin Wang¹  Zhengwei Xiong³  Jian Yu²  Hongbu Yin²  Xuemin Wang²  Liping Peng²  Yuying Wang²  Xinmin Wang²  Tao Jiang²  Linhong Cao⁴  Weidong Wu⁴  Chuanbin Wang¹  Lianmeng Zhang¹ 

[1] State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology;Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics;Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology;School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology

关键词: pulsed laser deposition;    vapour phase epitaxial growth;    X-ray photoelectron spectra;    graphene;    thin films;    Raman spectra;    transmission electron microscopy;    epitaxial growth;    graphene thin film;    pulsed laser deposition;    X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy;    XPS;    carbon binding energy;    Raman spectroscopy;    high-resolution transmission electron microscopy;    HRTEM;    depositing temperature;    single oriented crystal domains;    temperature 873 K;    C;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2015.0047

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Objective: Ropivacaine has been claimed to be superior for epidural labor analgesia, with less motor blockade and toxicity as compared to bupivacaine, and it has largely replaced the later drug for this purpose. The objective of this study was to compare and evaluate the analgesic efficacy of ropivacaine 0.1% and bupivacaine 0.1% with 2 μg/ml fentanyl for painless labor using patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA). Methodology: This prospective, randomized and double blind study was undertaken in a tertiary care hospital. Fifty parturients of ASA grade I and II, were randomly allocated into two groups of 25 each, to receive either 10 ml of 0.1% bupivacaine or 0.1% ropivacaine with fentanyl 2μg/ml in Group B and Group R respectively as initial bolus dose. Same dose regimen was used as continuous background infusion and PCEA boluses of 10 ml according to the group allocation. Onset and quality of analgesia, motor weakness, total drug consumption, and fetomaternal outcome in both groups were compared. Results: Effective labor analgesia (VAS 0.05). All the patients were pain free within 15 min after initiation of epidural analgesia. Sensory and motor block characteristics in both the groups were comparable. No patient had motor blockade till two hours after initiation of epidural analgesia. Motor block increased as the duration of labor increased. Overall, drug consumption was 85.04 ± 21.02 ml in Group R and 81.56 ± 22.81 ml in Group B with fentanyl during labor (p > 0.05). There were no significant changes in hemodynamic parameters, duration of labor or maternal satisfaction. No adverse effects related to neonatal or maternal outcomes were noted in both groups. Conclusion: We conclude that 0.1% ropivacaine or 0.1% bupivacaine, with fentanyl 2 μg/ml using PCEA, were equally effective for labor analgesia. There were no statistically significant differences in the quantity of drug used, motor weakness, labor duration, or fetomaternal outcome.

【 授权许可】

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