Electrodeposition of Ni–Co double hydroxide composite nanosheets on Fe substrate for high-performance supercapacitor electrode

Micro & nano letters

article

Liyang Jiang¹  Yanwei Sui¹  Jiqiu Qi¹  Yuan Chang¹  Yezeng He¹  Fuxiang Wei¹  Qingkun Meng¹  Zhi Sun¹ 

[1] School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology

关键词: electrodeposition;    nanocomposites;    supercapacitors;    electrochemical electrodes;    nickel compounds;    cobalt compounds;    nanofabrication;    capacitance;    current density;    [Ni1-xCox(HO)2]H2O;    Fe;    facile electrochemical deposition method;    double hydroxide composite nanosheets;    network structure;    Fe foil conductive substrate;    electrochemical performance;    current density;    long-term cycling stability;    capacitance retention;    high-performance supercapacitor electrode;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2016.0485

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Citation: Samanta S, Samanta S, Jain K and Chatterjee D. Intramyometrial terlipressin in atonic postpartum hemorrhage: A uterine salvage decision. Anaesth Pain & Intensive Care 2014;18(3):313-14 Terlipressin is a long acting analog of vasopressin mainly used in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding with minimal cardiovascular effects.1. We report a case where intra myometrial terlipressin effectively controlled postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) refractory to conventional uterotonic drugs. A 27 year old primigravida parturient was posted for emergency cesarean section (CS) in view of fetal bradycardia under general anesthesia. Rapid sequence induction with cricoid pressure application was performed with thiopental sodium and paralysis achieved with succinylcholine. Anesthesia was maintained with oxygen-nitrous oxide-isoflurane with atracurium keeping minimum alveolar concentration at 0.7-1. She developed PPH after CS and went into hemorrhagic shock with invasive arterial blood pressure (ABP) of 66/40 mmHg and heart rate of 130 /min. Traumatic PPH and gross coagulopathy were excluded from detailed local exploration and previous routine coagulogram (normal platelets count and prothrombin time). No history of any comorbidity or coagulation disorder was noted in her antenatal record. Oxytocin 25 units in 500 ml saline was started after delivery of the baby in titrated fashion. The surgeon reported a non-contractile uterus which did not respond to 25 U oxytocin by intravenous infusion. Intramuscular ergometrine 0.2 mg was injected after placental removal. Manual uterine massage was performed and clots from the uterus were removed by obstetrician. Hypotension was managed with crystalloid and hydroxy ethyl starch. Three units of packed red blood cells and 1gm of tranexamic acid were given. A total of 4 litres of fluids including blood products was transfused. After resuscitation, ABP improved to 90/50 mmHg and heart rate to 115/min. Forced air warming was used to prevent hypothermia. Injection 15 methyl PGF2α (Carboprost™) 250 µg was given intramuscularly with a repeat dose injected into myometrium. Even after two repeat doses of Carboprost™ (both intramuscular and intramyometrial) uterus remained atonic. Rectal 1000 µg misoprostal also failed to improve the uterine tone. Uterine tamponade was also unsucessful. Uterine artery ligation was performed but due to continued bleeding, a consent for hysterectomy was taken. In the mean time we decided to give a trial of intramyometrial 1 mg terlipressin (Remestyp™, Ferring Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai, India) injection after taking consent from relatives. Surprisingly the uterine tone improved after 5 min of terlipressin injection. We repeated second dose after 20 min and with this second dose uterus became more firm and PPH was controlled. So hysterectomy was deferred and patient was shifted to high dependency unit. Her vital signs improved further with fluids and blood products. She was discharged home 7 days after CS. REFERENCES Ioannou GN, Doust J, Rockey DC. Systematic review: terlipressin in acute oesophagealvaricealhaemorrhage. Aliment PharmacolTher 2003;17:53-64. [PubMed] Frederick J, Fletcher H, Simeon D, Mullings A, Hardie M Intramyometrial vasopressin as a haemostatic agent during myomectomy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1994 ;101: 435-7. [PubMed] Hobo R, Netsu S, Koyasu Y, Tsutsumi O. Bradycardia and cardiac arrest caused by intramyometrial injection of vasopressin during a laparoscopically assisted myomectomy. ObstetGynecol 2009;113: 484-6. [PubMed] Riess ML, Ulris JG, Pagel PS, Woehlck HJ. Severe vasospasm mimics hypotension after high dose intrauterine vasopressin. AnesthAnalg 2011;113:1103-5. [PubMed] Aparna AA, Nerurkar VV, Laheri DW, Mohite SN. Bradycardia, absent radial pulse and convulsions following intramyometrial vasopressin. J Anaesth Clin Pharmacol 2010;26:109-10.

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