Submerged arc discharge for producing nanoscale graphene in deionised water

Micro & nano letters

article

Kuo-Hsiung Tseng¹  Chih-Ju Chou¹  Sheng-Hao Shih¹  Der-Chi Tien¹  Hsueh-Chien Ku¹  Leszek Stobinsk² 

[1]Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology

[2]Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology

关键词: graphene;    nanoparticles;    nanofabrication;    arcs (electric);    plasma materials processing;    ultraviolet spectra;    visible spectra;    particle size;    electrokinetic effects;    scanning electron microscopy;    X-ray chemical analysis;    transmission electron microscopy;    Raman spectra;    suspensions;    submerged arc discharge;    deionised water;    nanomanufacturing;    ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy;    optical properties;    Zetasizer system;    particle size;    zeta potential;    scanning electron microscopy;    energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy;    high-resolution transmission electron microscopy;    particle morphology;    particle dispersion;    Raman spectrum;    negatively charged graphene nanoparticles;    suspension;    C;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2017.0387

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Background:  Malnutrition is common in children diagnosed with cancer in Africa, and it adds to the morbidity and mortality of treatment. Nutritional support is known to reduce morbidity and mortality of treatment. Aim:  The aim of this study was to record changes in anthropometric parameters, morbidity and mortality in patients admitted with Burkitt lymphoma (BL) whose diet was supplemented with protein, vitamins and minerals during induction chemotherapy. Methods:  Seventy consecutive newly diagnosed BL patients were enrolled. The diet was supplemented with a daily egg, 200 mL F-75 formula and vitamins. Guardians received 3 cups of dry rice and $1 daily to buy and prepare meals for the patient and themselves whilst in the hospital. Height, weight, triceps skinfold (TSF) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) were recorded on days 1 and 28. Co-morbidities at diagnosis were treated, and neutropenia and febrile episodes managed with a standard protocol. Two patients who died within 24 h after admission were excluded from the anthropometric analyses. Results:  The mean age was 8 (range 2–16) years and the male:female ratio was 42:28. The St Jude stage distribution was as follows: Stage I = 6%, II = 4%, III = 69%, IV = 21%. Weight for age was < 10th centile at diagnosis in 18% (but influenced by tumour mass). Weight was unchanged or increased by ≥ 5% in 66% of patients on Day 28. The TSF was < 3rd centile in 47% of patients and increased by ≥ 0.5 cm in 57%. The MUAC was < 3rd centile in 16% of patients at diagnosis and in 10% of patients on Day 28. Febrile episodes in 60% and neutropenia in 18% of patients were successfully treated. Two patients died from presumed renal failure. The overall death rate (including the two deaths within 24 h after admission before chemotherapy was started) was 5.5% ( n  = 4). Conclusion:  The TSF improved in the majority and the MUAC improved in some patients. Febrile neutropenia and febrile episodes could be successfully managed. The death rate during induction was lower than in our previously published results with the same chemotherapy protocol. Dietary supplementation should be a standard component of treatment in paediatric patients with cancer.

【 授权许可】

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