Experimental investigation on the viscosity of hybrid nanofluids made of two kinds of nanoparticles mixed in engine oil

Micro & nano letters

article

Yan Liu¹  Deshun Yin¹  Mingyuan Tian¹  Xichen Hu¹  Xuan Chen¹ 

[1] College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University

关键词: silver;    mixtures;    thermal conductivity;    viscosity;    nanoparticles;    nanofluidics;    lower viscosity;    single particle nanofluids;    3 /engine oil;    2 –Ag/engine oil;    different shear rates;    volume fraction;    increasing shear rate;    3 –Ag/engine oil hybrid nanofluids;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2018.0021

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

The aim of this study is to screen the phytochemicals found in Populus euphratica leaves since this type of trees are used traditionally by many villagers as treatment for eczema and other skin disease and also this plant is poorly investigated for their phytochemicals especially in Iraq. Phytochemical screening of the extracts obtained from the n-hexane and chloroform fraction of leaves of Populus euphratica was done by Thin-layer chromatography and various spraying reagents to test if alkaloids, sterols and other compounds are present. UPLC-electrospray ionization –tandem mass spectroscopy along with GC-MS and HPTLC are used to identify the phytochemicals present in the plant leaves.UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method 20 compounds have been identified in various fractions among which are protopine alkaloids. salicin, salicortin, tremulacin. GC-MS showed that the observed data obtained are matched with that in NIST library and confirmed the presence of Hexadecanoic acid trimethylsilyl ester in 43.80% beta-Sitosterol in 37.14% and Diisooctyl phthalate 11.46%.UPLC-ESI-MS/MS is a powerful method for the identification of compounds in mixture based on comparison of their molecular, weight retention time and MS/MS fragmentation. Protopine alkaloid is identified for the first time in Populus euphratica and genus Populus. GC-MS is a valuable method for both qualification and quantification of various phytochemicals that are volatile in nature.

【 授权许可】

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