Nanostructured Ti/TiO 2 –RuO 2 –La 2 O 3 anodes prepared by sol–gel process and the effect of electrolyte composition on their stability

Micro & nano letters

article

Iman Pouladvand¹  Shahin Khameneh Asl¹  Mir Ghasem Hoseini²  Mohammad Rezvani¹ 

[1] Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering, University of Tabriz;Department of Physical Chemistry, Electrochemistry Research Laboratory, University of Tabriz;Engineering Faculty, Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Near East University

关键词: coatings;    nanostructured materials;    X-ray chemical analysis;    cracks;    X-ray diffraction;    corrosion resistance;    nanofabrication;    electrochemical electrodes;    titanium;    corrosion testing;    electrolytes;    titanium compounds;    voltammetry (chemical analysis);    sol-gel processing;    ruthenium compounds;    lanthanum compounds;    surface morphology;    electrochemistry;    field emission scanning electron microscopy;    catalysis;    sol–gel process;    electrolyte composition;    titanium substrate;    electrochemical properties;    field emission scanning electron microscopy;    accelerated corrosion test;    cracked-mud microstructure;    corrosion resistance;    electrocatalytic properties;    energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy;    molar ratios;    nanostructured anodes;    nanostructured coatings;    potentiostatic polarisation;    cyclic voltammetry;    TiO2-RuO2-La2O3;    Ti;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2018.5566

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Gallstone disease is one of the most common complications among diabetic patients especially type 2 DM. Till now, there is no specific and certain factor that explain the incidence of gallstones among type 2 diabetic patients and many risk factors are taken collectively to estimate its intensity and severity compared to non diabetic counter parts. This clinical study was designed to evaluate and report the incidence and severity of gallstones among type 2 diabetics and non diabetics regarding certain factors. 20 diabetic females and 20 diabetic males were collected as patients′ group and have had gallstones while 20 females and 20 males who have had gallstones without diabetes mellitus type 2 were collected as controls′ group. The age, weight, and both of the size and number of gallstones of diabetic patients and controls were correlated to demonstrate the prevalence of gallstones among the patients′ and controls′ groups. The study showed that the mean ages of female patients is slightly higher (p<0.05) than the female controls. On the other hand there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between female and male control subjects. The body mass index (BMI) of male patients was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the male controls, while there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between female and male control subjects. The results of the study presented that the stone size of female patients was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the female and male controls, while the stone diameter of male patients was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the male and female controls. The stone number of female patients was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the female and male controls, while the stone number of male patients was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the male and female controls. These findings suggest that the incidence of gallstones was higher in type 2 diabetics both in males and females than the non diabetics and more in females than males who were non diabetics.

【 授权许可】

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