Mapping and monitoring of glacier lake outburst floods using geospatial modelling approach for Darkut valley, Pakistan

Meteorological applications

article

Muhammad Amin¹  Dilshad Bano¹  Sher S. Hassan²  Muhammad A. Goheer²  Aftab A. Khan²  Mobushir R. Khan¹  Syeda M. Hina³ 

[1] Institutes of Geo-Information and Earth Observation, PMAS Arid Agriculture University;Global Change Impact Studies Centre;Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad

关键词: DTM;    GIS and RS;    GLOF;    HEC-GeoRAS;    HEC-RAS;    TIN;   

DOI  :  10.1002/met.1877

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Detergents and problems of their attendance into water and wastewater cause varied difficulties such as producing foam, abnormality in the growth of algae, accumulation and dispersion in aqueous environments. One of the reactors was designated with 30% of the media with the similar conditions exactly same as the other which had filling rate about 10 %, in order to compare both of them together. A standard method methylene blue active substance was used to measure anionic surfactant. The concentrations of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate which examined were 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/l in HRT 72, 24 and 8 hrs. The removal percentage for both of reactors at the beginning of operating at50 mg/l concentration of pollutant had a bit difference and with gradually increasing the pollutant concentration and decreasing Hydraulic retention time, the variation between the removal percentage of both reactors became significant as the reactor that had the filling rate about 30 %, showed better condition than the other reactor with 10 % filling rate. Ideal condition in this experiment was caught at hydraulic retention time about 72 hrs and 200 mg/l pollutants concentration with 99.2% removal by the reactor with 30% filling rate. While the ideal condition for the reactor with 10% filling rate with the same hydraulic retention time and 100 mg/l pollutants concentrations was obtained about 99.4% removal. Regarding anionic surfactant standard in Iran which is 1.5 mg/l for surface water discharge, using this process is suitable for treating municipal wastewater and industrial wastewater which has a range of the pollutant between 100-200 mg/l. but for the industries that produce detergents products which make wastewater containing more than 200 mg/l surfactants, using secondary treatment process for achieving discharge standard is required.

【 授权许可】

CC BY|CC BY-NC|CC BY-NC-ND