Drought trend, frequency and extremity across a wide range of climates over Iran

Meteorological applications

article

Milad Nouri¹  Mehdi Homaee² 

[1]National Agriculture and Water Strategic Research Centre, Mines and Agriculture

[2]Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Tarbiat Modares University

关键词: data limitation;    ENSO;    evapotranspiration;    water-limited environments;   

DOI  :  10.1002/met.1899

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

ABSTRACT The use of technology in industries is ever increasing. With the introduction of this technology come new safety and human performance concerns. Hearing loss caused by industrial noise has been recognized for many years, and protection of employee hearing has been made mandatory by governmental agencies. This paper presents an investigation of occupational noise exposure and Personal hearing protective devices (PHPD) in selected industries in the south-eastern Iran. A questionnaire has been used to collect data for workers with high noise exposure and Personal hearing protective devices (PHPD). The subjects were 354 industrial workers expose to noise pressure levels greater than the action level defined in Iranian legislation (85dB (A) 8h/d. The results of this study indicated that only younger workers with minor professional experience and with high educational background are used PHPD to protect and preserve their hearing. The finding of this study shows that approximately 75% of the workers with age 18-36 reported the use of personal protective Devices at all the time, and 73% of workers with age more than 46 years old reported that they had never used them PHPD, even though it was mandatory in their workplaces. Statistical data show that, the percentage of male workers (82) with age more than 37 years old having headaches at workplace are higher than female (3.4) with the same age groups. A noise training and education program must be developed for industrial employees in order to protect them from hazardous noise pollution. Employers must play an important role in promoting the regular use of Personal hearing protective devices. Noise level in work areas must be considered in the early design of Hearing Conservation Program.

【 授权许可】

CC BY|CC BY-NC|CC BY-NC-ND