Planning and operation of EV charging stations by chicken swarm optimization driven heuristics

Energy Conversion and Economics

article

Sulabh Sachan¹  Sanchari Deb²  Sri Niwas Singh¹  Pravin Prakash Singh³  Desh Deepak Sharma¹ 

[1] Electrical Engineering Department, MJP Rohilkhand University;VTT Research Centre;Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech)

关键词: Prepregnancy Body Mass Index;    Breastfeeding Duration;    Gestational Weight Gain"/>;   

DOI  :  10.1049/enc2.12030

学科分类：生物科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Background: The World Health Organization has recommended exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. Breastfeeding success may be influenced by different factors. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the association between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and breastfeeding duration in Iranian mothers. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at Arash Women's Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The analysis included 593 women, followed from pregnancy until 6 months postpartum. A logistic regression model was used to determine the association between prepregnancy BMI and exclusive breastfeeding duration and initiation. Results: Women with prepregnancy BMI above 25 kg/m 2 had a higher risk (almost twice) of not initiating breastfeeding or breastfeeding for less than 1 month after delivery, compared to pregnant women who had a normal weight. In this study, adjustments were made for confounding factors, such as age, education level, mode of delivery, mother's opinion of breastfeeding, and mother's occupation. Conclusions: This study showed that women who had a normal prepregnancy weight were more likely to continue breastfeeding for 6 months, while obese and overweight women had a shorter duration of breastfeeding in comparison with normal-weight women.

【 授权许可】

CC BY|CC BY-ND|CC BY-NC|CC BY-NC-ND