Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite for Stable Solar Cells

Energy & Environmental Materials

article

Chao Liang¹  Dandan Zhao¹  Yan Li¹  Xiaojun Li¹  Shaomin Peng¹  Guosheng Shao²  Guichuan Xing¹ 

[1] Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade;State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Material (SCICDLCEM), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University

关键词: Children;    Enuresis;    Adenoid Hypertrophy"/>;   

DOI  :  10.1002/eem2.12022

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Background: Considering that enuresis is a common health problem among Iranian children, identifying the frequency of enuresis among children with adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and its related factors could help us design appropriate management plans as well as preventative and interventional studies. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of enuresis among children with AH and its associations with different characteristics of the disease. Patients and Methods: This study was designed as a cross-sectional study. Children aged 5 - 12 years diagnosed with adenoid hypertrophy and as well as a group of normal children were studied (2010 - 2011 in Shariati hospital). The prevalence of enuresis was determined and compared in the two groups. The frequencies of different symptoms related to AH were compared in AH patients with and without enuresis. Results: During this study, children with (n = 60) and without (n = 60) adenoid hypertrophy were investigated. The prevalence of enuresis was significantly higher in patients with AH compared with the control group (40% vs. 15%, P = 0.004, OR = 8.19). Enuresis was more prevalent among patients with AH who had a severe form of the disease, the signs of which are obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), growth impairment, and irritability (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of our study indicated that enuresis was a common health problem among children with AH and it is associated with some symptoms of AH such as OSA, growth retardation and irritability. Using these findings as baseline data, we could determine the appropriate treatment approach for improving the course of the disease as well as the quality of the affected patients’ lives.

【 授权许可】

Unknown