Μethylammonium Chloride: A Key Additive for Highly Efficient, Stable, and Up-Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells

Energy & Environmental Materials

article

Kyro Odysseas Kosmatos¹  Lazaros Theofylaktos¹  Eleni Giannakaki¹  Dimitris Deligiannis¹  Maria Konstantakou¹  Thomas Stergiopoulos¹ 

[1] Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

关键词: Newborn;    Skin;    Infant;    Temperature;    Urination;    Micturition"/>;   

DOI  :  10.1002/eem2.12040

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Background: Cold may aggravate urge symptoms in patients with frequency/urgency syndromes. Objectives: This paper attempts to establish the correlation between the changes in three variables, namely the changes of ambient temperature, age and weight of conscious infants and their micturition rate. Materials and Methods: The time interval between the napkin removal and micturition was recorded, in order to establish the relationship between environmental temperature changes and urination. Results: Micturition occurred in response to decreased skin temperature of the lower trunk, during the first minute interval of napkin removal, in 287 of the infants (35.9%). Totally, 428 infants (53.5%) voided in a 5 minute interval. The younger infants urinated more frequently and also faster, in relation to ambient temperature changes. Conclusions: We concluded that the occurrence of urination, as a response to cooling stimulation of the lower trunk, is correlated with infants’ age and amount of environmental temperature degree.

【 授权许可】

Unknown