The cancer‐associated fibroblasts related gene CALD1 is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltration in bladder cancer

Cancer Cell International

Xiang Jiang¹  Jin Cao¹  HaiTao Liu²  Bo Wang³  Yi Wang³  YiHeng Du³  XiZhi Wang³  Jiang Yu³ 

[1] Department of Pathology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 215028, Suzhou, China;Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine (originally named “Shanghai First Hospital”), 200080, Shanghai, China;Department of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 215028, Suzhou, China;

关键词: Bladder cancer;    Cancer‐associated fibroblasts;    CALD1;    Immunosuppression;    Prognostic biomarker;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12935-021-01896-x

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundStromal components of the tumor microenvironment contribute to bladder cancer progression, and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) were reported to play an important role. Accumulating pieces of evidence indicate that CAFs participate in the crosstalk with tumor cells and have a complex interaction network with immune components. Further studies on the role of CAFs in the bladder cancer microenvironment and searching for possible specific markers are important for a deeper understanding of CAFs in bladder cancer progression and immunomodulation.MethodsIn the present study, we examined the abundance of CAFs in the TCGA and GEO datasets using the MCP-COUNTER algorithm. Additionally, the expression of genes related to CAFs was analyzed through the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). The CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms were used to discuss the correlation of the key CAFs-related gene and the tumor microenvironment components. Immunohistochemistry analysis in clinical samples was used to validate the results of bioinformatics analysis.ResultsThe results showed that CAFs were closely associated with the progression and prognosis of bladder cancer. WGCNA also revealed that CALD1 was a key CAFs-related gene in bladder cancer. Moreover, further in-depth analysis showed that CALD1 significantly affected the progression and prognosis of bladder cancer. The CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms demonstrated significant correlations between CALD1 and the tumor microenvironment components, including CAFs, macrophages, T cells, and multiple immune checkpoint related genes. Finally, immunohistochemistry results validated the strong association of CALD1 with CAFs and macrophages.ConclusionsIn the present study, we confirmed the cancer-promoting roles of CAFs in bladder cancer. Being a key gene associated with CAFs, CALD1 may promote bladder cancer progression by remodeling the tumor microenvironment. The bioinformatics methods, including the CIBERSORT, MCP-COUNTER and ESTIMATE algorithms, may provide important value for studying the tumor microenvironment.

【 授权许可】

CC BY