The dark-ventral-patch of male red deer, a sexual signal that conveys the degree of involvement in rutting behavior

BMC Zoology

José Martín¹  Juan Carranza²  Giovanni Vedel²  Eva de la Peña²  Javier Pérez-González³ 

[1] Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), 28006, Madrid, Spain;Wildlife Research Unit (UIRCP), University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain;Wildlife Research Unit (UIRCP), University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain;Biology & Ethology, University of Extremadura, 10071, Cáceres, Spain;

关键词: Red deer;    Dark ventral patch expression;    Mating effort;    Sexual behaviors;    Mate competition;    Mating success;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s40850-021-00083-9

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundIn polygynous mammals, signalling may play a decisive role in mating behavior, mediating the intensity of male fights and female mate choice. During the rutting season, male red deer may show a visible dark patch in their ventral fur. Recently, this patch has been suggested to act as a flexible sexual signal, due to its relationships with other variables such as age, body size, antler development, volatile compounds, or the competitive environment. The analysis of fur pigmentation at the ventral patch suggests that this might also visually indicate the male intrinsic predisposition to take part in mating competition.ResultsTo assess the possible role of this trait as a communicative signal related to mate competition, we used red deer behavioral observations during the rut in Doñana National Park (Spain) to examine the link between the degree of expression of the dark ventral patch and the rutting activity (assessed from both intra-and-inter-sexual behaviors). Consistent with our predictions, we found in a field study that males with large dark patches showed a higher frequency of rutting behaviors (mainly roaring and flehmen), more interactions with females, and attained larger harem sizes.ConclusionsThe dark ventral patch was a better predictor of male behavior than antler tines or territory holding, thus standing as a short-term indicator of male willingness to invest in mating competition.

【 授权许可】

CC BY