Somatic variants for seed and fruit set in grapevine

BMC Plant Biology

Paola Ruffa¹  Anna Schneider¹  Ivana Gribaudo¹  Stefano Raimondi¹  Fabiana Cristofolini²  Elena Gottardini²  Laura Costantini²  Silvia Lorenzi²  Paula Moreno-Sanz³  Maria Stella Grando³  Chinedu Charles Nwafor⁴  Annarita Marrano⁵ 

[1] Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - Research Council of Italy, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy;Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all’Adige, Italy;Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all’Adige, Italy;Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via. E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all’Adige, Italy;Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all’Adige, Italy;Center for Plant Science Innovation & Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA;Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all’Adige, Italy;Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, 95616, Davis, CA, USA;

关键词: Vitis vinifera;    Seedlessness;    Somatic variation;    Reproductive development;    Flower;    Berry;    Fertilization;    Parthenocarpy;    Stenospermocarpy;    Single-nucleotide polymorphism;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12870-021-02865-2

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundGrapevine reproductive development has direct implications on yield. It also impacts on berry and wine quality by affecting traits like seedlessness, berry and bunch size, cluster compactness and berry skin to pulp ratio. Seasonal fluctuations in yield, fruit composition and wine attributes, which are largely driven by climatic factors, are major challenges for worldwide table grape and wine industry. Accordingly, a better understanding of reproductive processes such as gamete development, fertilization, seed and fruit set is of paramount relevance for managing yield and quality. With the aim of providing new insights into this field, we searched for clones with contrasting seed content in two germplasm collections.ResultsWe identified eight variant pairs that seemingly differ only in seed-related characteristics while showing identical genotype when tested with the GrapeReSeq_Illumina_20K_SNP_chip and several microsatellites. We performed multi-year observations on seed and fruit set deriving from different pollination treatments, with special emphasis on the pair composed by Sangiovese and its seedless variant locally named Corinto Nero. The pollen of Corinto Nero failed to germinate in vitro and gave poor berry set when used to pollinate other varieties. Most berries from both open- and cross-pollinated Corinto Nero inflorescences did not contain seeds. The genetic analysis of seedlings derived from occasional Corinto Nero normal seeds revealed that the few Corinto Nero functional gametes are mostly unreduced. Moreover, three genotypes, including Sangiovese and Corinto Nero, were unexpectedly found to develop fruits without pollen contribution and occasionally showed normal-like seeds. Five missense single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified between Corinto Nero and Sangiovese from transcriptomic data.ConclusionsOur observations allowed us to attribute a seedlessness type to some variants for which it was not documented in the literature. Interestingly, the VvAGL11 mutation responsible for Sultanina stenospermocarpy was also discovered in a seedless mutant of Gouais Blanc. We suggest that Corinto Nero parthenocarpy is driven by pollen and/or embryo sac defects, and both events likely arise from meiotic anomalies. The single nucleotide polymorphisms identified between Sangiovese and Corinto Nero are suitable for testing as traceability markers for propagated material and as functional candidates for the seedless phenotype.

【 授权许可】

CC BY