Control trial of porcine cysticercosis in Uganda using a combination of the TSOL18 vaccination and oxfendazole

Infectious Diseases of Poverty

Chris Rutebarika¹  Zachary Nsadha²  Marshall W. Lightowlers³  Meritxell Donadeu⁴  Elizabeth Chesang⁵  Angela Colston⁵  E. Jane Poole⁶  Bukenya Aloys⁷  Chrisostom Ayebazibwe⁸  M. Mwanja⁸ 

[1] ANISOLUTIONS International Ltd, P.O. Box 610, Entebbe, Uganda;College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda;Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, 3030, Werribee, VIC, Australia;Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, 3030, Werribee, VIC, Australia;Initiative for Neglected Animal Diseases (INAND), Midrand, South Africa;GALVmed, P.O Box 52773, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya;International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 30709, 0010, Nairobi, Kenya;Malera Sub County Local Government, C/O P.O.BOX 5026, Bukedea, Uganda;Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Department of Animal Health, National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre (NADDEC), P.O Box 513, Entebbe, Uganda;

关键词: Taenia solium;    Pig;    Porcine cysticercosis;    TSOL18;    Vaccination;    Oxfendazole;    Control;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s40249-021-00823-6

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundNeurocysticercosis caused by Taenia solium when the parasite lodges in the central nervous system, is an important cause of human seizures and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasite is prevalent in many regions of Uganda. Pigs are intermediate hosts for T. solium, and we evaluated a T. solium control program in pigs, involving vaccination of pigs with the TSOL18 vaccine and treatment with oxfendazole.MethodsThe study was conducted in two districts of Eastern Uganda involving the rural village communities of Bukedea (intervention area) and Kumi (control area) during 2016–2017. Seven hundred and thirty-four households were enrolled in the study. Pigs in the intervention area received intramuscular immunizations with TSOL18 (Cysvax™) and an oral medication with 30 mg/kg oxfendazole (Paranthic™) at approximately 3-monthly intervals for 18 months. Porcine cysticercosis was evaluated by post-mortem examination. At the beginning of the study, 111 pigs were examined. In an interim evaluation in the intervention area, 55 pigs were evaluated 12 months after starting the project. At the end of the study approximately 3 months after the final intervention, 55 pigs from the intervention area and 56 pigs from the control area were evaluated.ResultsThe prevalence of porcine cysticercosis for the two sites was 16.2% at the beginning of the study (17.2% in the intervention area and 15.1% in the control area) with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.759) between the two study sites. Among the 110 animals assessed from the intervention site (55 at the interim evaluation and 55 at the final evaluation), no pig with viable T. solium cysts was found. There was a statistically significant difference between the prevalence at baseline (17.2%) and at the end of the study (0%) in the intervention area (P = 0.001) and a statistically significant difference between the intervention (0%) and control areas (5.4%) (P = 0.041) at the end of the study.ConclusionsThree-monthly concurrent vaccination of pigs with the TSOL18 vaccine and medication with oxfendazole eliminated T. solium transmission by the animals involved in the study. Application of vaccination with medication in pigs has the potential to reduce transmission of T. solium in Uganda and other endemic countries.

【 授权许可】

CC BY