Shoulder biomechanics in normal and selected pathological conditions

EFORT Open Reviews

article

Patrick Goetti¹  Patrick J. Denard²  Philippe Collin³  Mohamed Ibrahim⁴  Pierre Hoffmeyer⁵  Alexandre Lädermann⁶ 

[1] Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne;Department of Orthopaedic & Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University;Centre Hospitalier Privé Saint-Grégoire (Vivalto Santé);Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University;Hirslanden Clinique des Grangettes;Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, La Tour Hospital

关键词: anatomy;    glenohumeral instability;    humerus;    ligaments;    rehabilitation;    rotator cuff;    scapula;    therapeutic implications;   

DOI  :  10.1302/2058-5241.5.200006

学科分类：神经科学

来源: The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery

【 摘 要 】

The biomechanics of the shoulder are highly complex. First, it is composed of four joints (glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, scapulothoracic, and sternoclavicular). The glenohumeral joint has six degrees of freedom and is the most mobile joint in the human body, allowing the hand to reach a wide range of positions. This mobility can be further enhanced by translation of the humeral head on the glenoid, but the consequence of this tremendous mobility is perhaps a predisposition to instability and impingements. Second, mobility is assumed by 18 muscles that act in synergy. Consequently, decoupling/isolating them is impossible, making precise kinematic analysis and clinical examination difficult. Third, the glenohumeral joint has the characteristics of an active non-weight-bearing joint, leading to major bony and muscular modifications and frequent tendon overuse.

【 授权许可】

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