Heterogeneity in African savanna elephant distributions and their impacts on trees in Kruger National Park, South Africa

Ecology and Evolution

Emily R. Goldberg¹  A. Carla Staver¹  Joel O. Abraham¹  Judith Botha² 

[1] Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA;Scientific Services, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa;

关键词: elephant impacts;    landscape heterogeneity;    Loxodonta Africana;    management legacies;    savanna vegetation;    surface water;    tree damage;   

DOI  :  10.1002/ece3.7465

来源: Wiley

【 授权许可】

CC BY