Online Extremism: Research Trends in Internet Activism, Radicalization, and Counter-Strategies

International Journal of Conflict and Violence

article

Charlie Winter¹  Peter Neumann¹  Alexander Meleagrou-Hitchens²  Magnus Ranstorp³  Lorenzo Vidino²  Johanna Fürst¹ 

[1] International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation (ICSR) at King’s College London;Program on Extremism, George Washington University;Swedish Defense University

关键词: radicalization;    deradicalization;    Internet;    extremism;    online extremism;   

DOI  :  10.4119/ijcv-3809

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: University Of Bielefeld

【 摘 要 】

This article reviews the academic literature on how and for what purposes violent extremists use the Internet, at both an individual and organizational level. After defining key concepts like extremism, cyber-terrorism and online radicalization, it provides an overview of the virtual extremist landscape, tracking its evolution from static websites and password-protected forums to mainstream social media and encrypted messaging apps. The reasons why violent extremist organizations use online tools are identified and evaluated, touching on propaganda, recruitment, logistics, funding, and hacking. After this, the article turns to the ways violent extremist individuals use the Internet, discussing its role as a facilitator for socialization and learning. The review concludes by considering the emergent literature on how violent extremism is being countered online, touching on both defensive and offensive measures.

【 授权许可】

CC BY-ND