An Update on Tardive Dyskinesia: From Phenomenology to Treatment

Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements

article

Olga Waln¹  Joseph Jankovic¹ 

[1] Parkinson’s Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine

关键词: Tardive syndrome;    tardive dyskinesia;    dystonia;    akathisia;    dopamine receptor-blocking agents;    neuroleptics;   

DOI  :  10.5334/tohm.165

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Ubiquity Press

【 摘 要 】

Tardive dyskinesia (TD), characterized by oro-buccal-lingual stereotypy, can manifest in the form of akathisia, dystonia, tics, tremor, chorea, or as a combination of different types of abnormal movements. In addition to movement disorders (including involuntary vocalizations), patients with TD may have a variety of sensory symptoms, such as urge to move (as in akathisia), paresthesias, and pain. TD is a form of tardive syndrome—a group of iatrogenic hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movement disorders caused by dopamine receptor-blocking agents. The pathophysiology of TD remains poorly understood, and treatment of this condition is often challenging. In this update, we provide the most current information on the history, nomenclature, etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, phenomenology, differential diagnosis, and treatment of TD.

【 授权许可】

CC BY