Shifts in microbial diversity, composition, and functionality in the gut and genital microbiome during a natural SIV infection in vervet monkeys

Microbiome

Nelson Freimer¹  Anna J. Jasinska²  Christopher A. Schmitt³  J. Paul Grobler⁴  Willem G. Coetzer⁴  Trudy R. Turner⁵  Dongzhu Ma⁶  Ivona Pandrea⁷  Jennifer Danzy Cramer⁸  Cristian Apetrei⁹  Tien S. Dong^1,10  William Katzka^1,10  Venu Lagishetty^1,10  Jonathan P. Jacobs^1,11 

[1] Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA;Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA;Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland;Eye on Primates, Los Angeles, CA, USA;Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA;Department of Genetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa;Department of Genetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa;Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA;Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and General Studies, American Public University System, Charles Town, WV, USA;Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA;The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA;Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA;UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA;

关键词: SIV;    Microbiome;    Proteobacteria;    Succinivibrio;    Acute infection;    Primate;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s40168-020-00928-4

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe microbiota plays an important role in HIV pathogenesis in humans. Microbiota can impact health through several pathways such as increasing inflammation in the gut, metabolites of bacterial origin, and microbial translocation from the gut to the periphery which contributes to systemic chronic inflammation and immune activation and the development of AIDS. Unlike HIV-infected humans, SIV-infected vervet monkeys do not experience gut dysfunction, microbial translocation, and chronic immune activation and do not progress to immunodeficiency. Here, we provide the first reported characterization of the microbial ecosystems of the gut and genital tract in a natural nonprogressing host of SIV, wild vervet monkeys from South Africa.ResultsWe characterized fecal, rectal, vaginal, and penile microbiomes in vervets from populations heavily infected with SIV from diverse locations across South Africa. Geographic site, age, and sex affected the vervet microbiome across different body sites. Fecal and vaginal microbiome showed marked stratification with three enterotypes in fecal samples and two vagitypes, which were predicted functionally distinct within each body site. External bioclimatic factors, biome type, and environmental temperature influenced microbiomes locally associated with vaginal and rectal mucosa. Several fecal microbial taxa were linked to plasma levels of immune molecules, for example, MIG was positively correlated with Lactobacillus and Escherichia/Shigella and Helicobacter, and IL-10 was negatively associated with Erysipelotrichaceae, Anaerostipes, Prevotella, and Anaerovibrio, and positively correlated with Bacteroidetes and Succinivibrio. During the chronic phase of infection, we observed a significant increase in gut microbial diversity, alterations in community composition (including a decrease in Proteobacteria/Succinivibrio in the gut) and functionality (including a decrease in genes involved in bacterial invasion of epithelial cells in the gut), and partial reversibility of acute infection-related shifts in microbial abundance observed in the fecal microbiome. As part of our study, we also developed an accurate predictor of SIV infection using fecal samples.ConclusionsThe vervets infected with SIV and humans infected with HIV differ in microbial responses to infection. These responses to SIV infection may aid in preventing microbial translocation and subsequent disease progression in vervets, and may represent host microbiome adaptations to the virus.2kSCfqxBuBxDgHDfSi19bJVideo Abstract

【 授权许可】

CC BY