The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

Alexandra Horvath¹  Eric Hamrin Senorski²  Carl Senorski³  Kristian Samuelsson⁴  Adam Danielsson⁴  William E. Garrett⁵  Ramón Cugat⁶  Eduard Alentorn-Geli⁶ 

[1] Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institution of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden;Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden;Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden;Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, SE-431 80 Mölndal, Gothenburg, Sweden;Duke Sports Sciences Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;Instituto Cugat, Barcelona, Spain;Mutualidad Catalana de Futbolistas, Federación Española de Fútbol, Barcelona, Spain;Fundación García-Cugat, Barcelona, Spain;

关键词: Running;    Sprinting;    Biomechanics;    Strength;    Muscle injury;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12891-020-03658-8

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundInjuries to the hamstring muscles are among the most common in sports and account for significant time loss. Despite being so common, the injury mechanism of hamstring injuries remains to be determined.PurposeTo investigate the hamstring injury mechanism by conducting a systematic review.Study designA systematic review following the PRISMA statement.MethodsA systematic search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Studies 1) written in English and 2) deciding on the mechanism of hamstring injury were eligible for inclusion. Literature reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, conference abstracts, book chapters and editorials were excluded, as well as studies where the full text could not be obtained.ResultsTwenty-six of 2372 screened original studies were included and stratified to the mechanism or methods used to determine hamstring injury: stretch-related injuries, kinematic analysis, electromyography-based kinematic analysis and strength-related injuries. All studies that reported the stretch-type injury mechanism concluded that injury occurs due to extensive hip flexion with a hyperextended knee. The vast majority of studies on injuries during running proposed that these injuries occur during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle.ConclusionA stretch-type injury to the hamstrings is caused by extensive hip flexion with an extended knee. Hamstring injuries during sprinting are most likely to occur due to excessive muscle strain caused by eccentric contraction during the late swing phase of the running gait cycle.Level of evidenceLevel IV

【 授权许可】

CC BY