Neuroprotection, excitotoxicicity and nmda antagonists

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

Rubens JosÉ Gagliardi¹ 

[1] ,Santa Casa de São Paulo Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Departamento de Medicina

关键词: neuroprotection;    excitotoxicity;    NMDA antagonists;    stroke;    neuroproteção;    excitotoxicidade;    antagonistas NMDA;    acidente vascular cerebral;   

DOI  :  10.1590/S0004-282X2000000300030

来源: SciELO

【 摘 要 】

PURPOSE: To analyze the main aspects of neuroprotection and excitotoxicity. DISCUSSION: This is a significant theory on the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia; it is based on the release of excitatory aminoacid (EAA), mainly glutamate. The sequence starts with a decrease of the blood flow and ends in neuronal death. The main stages of this reaction are herein presented and discussed. An in depth study of the effects of the excessive intracellular calcium is undertaken. Neuroprotectors (NP) are a group of drugs that reduce the excitotoxicity, opposing the excessive release of EAA and its intracellular effects. Neuroprotectors represent a rational approach to stroke treatment and offer a number of potential advantages. They prevent or limit ischemia-induced damage. CONCLUSION: There are many experimental and clinical NP trials. A minimum of 800 trials are currently under study worldwide. The most important NP subgroups are: N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) agonists, amino-hydroxy-methyl-isoxalone propionic acid (AMPA) antagonists, reducers of intracellular Ca++ inhibitors of nitric oxide modulation pathway free radicals scavengers, sodium channel antagonists, glutamate release inhibitor, growth factors, hypothermia and potassium channel activators.

【 授权许可】

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