Immunological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells

Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia

Cíntia De Vasconcellos Machado¹  Paloma Dias Da Silva Telles¹  Ivana Lucia Oliveira Nascimento¹ 

[1] ,Universidade Federal da BahiaSalvador Bahia ,Brazil

关键词: Stem cells;    Mesenchymal stem cells;    Autoimmune diseases;    Immunomodulation;    Immune system;    Cell differentiation;   

DOI  :  10.5581/1516-8484.20130017

来源: SciELO

【 摘 要 】

Although bone marrow is the main source, mesenchymal stem cells have already been isolated from various other tissues, such as the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, peripheral blood and dental pulp. These plastic adherent cells are morphologically similar to fibroblasts and have a high proliferative potential. This special group of cells possesses two essential characteristics: self-renewal and differentiation, with appropriate stimuli, into various cell types. Mesenchymal stem cells are considered immunologically privileged, since they do not express costimulatory molecules, required for complete T cell activation, on their surface. Several studies have shown that these cells exert an immunosuppressive effect on cells from both innate and acquired immunity systems. Mesenchymal stem cells can regulate the immune response in vitro by inhibiting the maturation of dendritic cells, as well as by suppressing the proliferation and function of T and B lymphocytes and natural killer cells. These special properties of mesenchymal stem cells make them a promising strategy in the treatment of immune mediated disorders, such as graft-versus-host disease and autoimmune diseases, as well as in regenerative medicine. The understanding of immune regulation mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells, and also those involved in the differentiation of these cells in various lineages is primordial for their successful and safe application in different areas of medicine.

【 授权许可】

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